![]() ![]() ![]() The study represents the product stage, which includes the raw material supply and the manufacturing of the construction materials, the construction process stage including machine use and transport processes, and the end of life stage for representing material inherent properties. 1): the product stage, the construction stage, the use stage, and the end of life stage. The standards provide a subdivision of the building life cycle into four modules (Fig. In other building disciplines, such as building construction, methodologies for LCA have been developed recently (CEN 2011, 2013). The LCA is the missing link to an ecological way of constructing these structures and should be part of resource-friendly management considering natural resource-saving strategies in the planning and decision process. Therefore, two assessment methods are used: cost benefit studies, for project volumes exceeding one million €, and standardized benefit studies, for lower project volumes (ON 1999). For the evaluation of projects, only economic feasibility studies are applied. #Last wood torrent torrent#The presently used assessment methods considering torrent control projects are only referencing monetary and economic data. ![]() In this way, the provision of protective services in sustainable quality-adapted to the natural environment and to the impacts of climate change, socio-political conditions, and socio-economic developments-should be secured for the future. Aimed at an improvement in efficiency, a structural and task-oriented further development of the WLV organization was completed in 2013. In the period from 2010 to 2014, the “Austrian Service for Torrent and Avalanche Control” (WLV) invested an amount of 1262 million € in the sector of torrent control structures (Sinabell et al. There is still a need for research to find a suitable functional unit and to develop a methodology for the use and end of life stage of these structures. Shifting the hotspots to these processes requires specific calculation rules for that particular field. In contrast to conventional buildings, the construction process and transportation are much more important and cannot be neglected. The conclusion of this study is that existing LCA models can be adapted to protective structures. With an average of 4% in the construction stage, the transport of workers to the construction site cannot be neglected as is done in the building sector. The greatest environmental impacts in the construction stage are caused by excavation work and transportation on-site. Depending on the selected scenarios, the smallest share of emissions, in relation to the total result of product and construction stage emitted by transport, is 3% and the maximum share is 69%. If these two materials are used sparingly, the focus is on machine application and transportation. The emissions and primary energy inputs in the product stage are clearly dominated by concrete and steel. Hotspots of the different stages are related to the construction materials used. The contribution of the various processes was reproduced by hotspot. ![]() Wood inherent biogenic carbon and primary energy, used as raw material, are treated as materials inherent properties (CEN, 2014). Since the production of some construction materials takes place locally, the generic data, for Austria, was adapted. The LCA methodology has been developed from existing standards of the construction and product sector. The iterative approach of LCA methodology (ISO, 2006a) was used to record all important processes of the system and to supplement missing information. This article explains an LCA methodology for the product stage and the construction process of torrent control structures following existing standards. To find these environmental burdens, 17 construction projects of the “Austrian Service for Torrent and Avalanche Control” (WLV) were analyzed using the “cradle to gate with options” LCA methodology (CEN, 2013). The purpose of this article is to find a suitable life cycle assessment (LCA) method to quantify the most important environmental burdens caused by construction processes of torrent control structures. ![]()
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